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ISSN: 2344 - 102X
ISSN-L: 2344 - 102X
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Volume 11, Number 2, Year 2023| 1. NEW PARADIGMS REGARDING ACCOUNTING AND TAXATION OF E-COMMERCE IN THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA | 
Download | | Author(s): Andrei Jizdan, Svetlana Mihaila, Anatol Graur | | DOI: 10.4316/EJAFB.2023.1121 | | Abstract: In order to be competitive on the foreign market, domestic trade entities use international payment services as a settlement method. The article is aimed at both theoreticians and practicing accountants, because in addition to developing the existing theoretical basis, the objective is to find effective practical solutions to the difficulties of accounting and tax issues related to the use of international payment services. The importance of the topic under investigation requires a study of the practical application and accounting of transactions related to the use of international payment services. The research methodology involves both general and specific approaches such as analytical method, bibliometric analysis, synthesis method, comparison method, systemic method and other relevant research methods. Thus, in the following, an attempt will be made to identify the problematic accounting and tax issues related to the implementation of international payment services by domestic trade entities. | | Keywords: E-commerce; Paradigms; Payment Services; PayPal; Settlement Methods. |
| 2. METHODS OF CALCULATING ENERGY EFFICIENCY THROUGH ENERGY INTENSITY - ROMANIA |
Download | | Author(s): Nela Steliac | | DOI: 10.4316/EJAFB.2023.1122 | | Abstract: In the current economic and geopolitical context, energy efficiency is an important goal for every nation. Energy security, economic competitiveness and reduced environmental pollution depend on it. Energy intensity is the indicator most often used to assess energy efficiency in a national economy. It can be calculated not only at the aggregate (national) level giving an overall picture of energy efficiency, but also at the disaggregated (sectoral and sub-sectoral) level giving a detailed picture by sector and sub-sector of activity. This paper aims to highlight the different ways of calculating primary and final energy intensity with an example at the Romanian level for the period 2011-2021. The analysis of this indicator revealed that the transport sector is the least energy efficient. However, the energy intensity trend in transport is downward. At the opposite pole, the most efficient sector is the other activities sector, which includes the rest of the services. With small exceptions, however, there is a general downward trend in final energy consumption per $1000 gross value added by sector. The same downward trend was also evident for primary energy intensity. | | Keywords: Energy; Energy Efficiency; Energy Intensity, Primary Energy Consumption; Final Energy Consumption. |
| 3. THE IMPACT OF SMES ON ROMANIAN INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT |
Download | | Author(s): Marina Coban, Cristina Gabriela Cosmulese | | DOI: 10.4316/EJAFB.2023.1123 | | Abstract: Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are determinants of economic development, innovation and modernization, achieving a wide range of functions and objectives. SMEs represent the largest share of a country's GDP, generate most of the innovations applicable to the economy, create jobs and show the highest dynamism in the market economy. This is evidenced by their development, turnover and the size of the employed labour force, which is significantly better compared to large enterprises. Based on the analysis of the literature and statistical data, this paper presents the role of SMEs in Romanian industrial development in the context of overlapping crises. Several indicators are analyzed, including the evolution of the number of enterprises by sector, turnover, number of employees by sector, net investment in industry as a whole and in SMEs, gross value added at factor cost, gross value added at factor cost per employee, the share of SMEs in direct exports, the number of SMEs in the industry by size classes. Our study provides an overview of the current state of the economic environment from the perspective of the industrial sector in Romania, presenting at the same time the external and internal trends and factors that act as a barrier to investment activity. | | Keywords: Small And Medium-sized Enterprises; Turnover; Net Investment; Gross Value Added; Gross Profit; Direct Exports. |
| 4. OPTIMISATION OF ESTABLISHING REVENUES OF LOCAL BUDGETS |
Download | | Author(s): Cristinel Ichim | | DOI: 10.4316/EJAFB.2023.1124 | | Abstract: In the elaboration of local budgets, the substantiation of revenues occupies a very important place because their exact quantification for the following year depends on the financing of public services during the respective period. The substantiation of revenues from local budgets must be based on an appropriate informative system, real data and must reflect the real financial situation of local communities. In other words, the income assessment must have a correspondent in the real possibilities of achieving them. Among the factors that determine the volume of revenues from local budgets we also identify some subjective ones, including processes with random or unpredictable action that occur during the budget year.
This paper aims to analyse the substantiation of revenues from local budgets but also to identify solutions in order to optimize this process. The scientific approach begins with the presentation of the methods of substantiating the revenues from the local budgets that apply in Romania: the automatic method, the method of increasing (decreasing) and the method of direct evaluation. The gist of the paper is the presentation of the substantiation of the main public income groups that are included in the local budgets: substantiation of own revenues, substantiation of quotas broken down from income tax, substantiation of the amounts broken down from some revenues from the state budget, substantiation of subsidies, etc. The research carried out under this article concludes that in order to improve the substantiation of revenues that are included in local budgets, together with the method of direct evaluation, statistical methods of econometric type or mathematical could be also used. | | Keywords: Local Budget; Local Public Revenue; Establishing; The Elaboration Of Local Budgets; Own Incomes. |
| 5. APPROACHES REGARDING THE GENERAL PLANNING OF THE INTERNAL AUDIT ACTIVITY |
Download | | Author(s): Lidia Caus, Diana Rencheci | | DOI: 10.4316/EJAFB.2023.1125 | | Abstract: In the context of continuous transformations and market challenges, the role of internal audit has grown perpetually, currently becoming one of the strategic pillars within entities. As an independent and objective activity, internal audit provides the entity with assurance of control over operations and their improvement, at the same time, it helps the entity in achieving its objectives, systematically evaluating the processes of risk management, control and governance of the entity. Therefore, by providing truthful and objective information, the internal audit ensures the competitiveness of the entities, it always brings proposals to strengthen their effectiveness. Emerging from the research theme, the internal audit activity starts with its planning. This research aims to research the concept of "internal audit" and explore the aspects related to the general planning of the internal audit activity, using as a methodological foundation the provisions of the normative framework in force and the specialized literature in the audit field. Therefore, it is particularly important to understand the way in which the internal audit activity is currently carried out, as well as the perceived directions of its evolution, the successful implementation of the planning of the internal audit activity determining the success of the internal audit mission. | | Keywords: Audit Mission; Costs; Internal Audit; Planning; Strategic Planning. |
| 6. APPROACHES TO TOURISM IN THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA AND ESTIMATION OF THE ECONOMIC VALUE OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES IN NATURE-BASED TOURISM |
Download | | Author(s): Galina Lusmanschi, Oxana Costetchi - Jusca | | DOI: 10.4316/EJAFB.2023.1126 | | Abstract: Based on the data of the National Bureau of Statistics of the Republic of Moldova and publications of scientists from different countries, the given work presents the role of tourism as a field of activity and as an income-generating activity, having a significant impact on the national economy and GDP. At the same time, the tourism industry is closely linked to natural resources and contributes to the socio-economic development. The estimation of the economic value of environmental resources in the nature-based tourism has been identified by the authors as an acute problem in the field of tourism services. Natural areas are often in the focus of leisure trips (eg parks, gardens, lakes, agricultural land, etc.), but rarely have a market price. The travel cost method is a technique that has been developed over the years to value the use of natural resources for recreational purposes. | | Keywords: Tourism; Nature-based Tourism; Travel Cost Method. |
| 7. SUSTAINABILITY IN TURBULENT BUSINESS ENVIRONMENTS: FROM PHILOSOPHY TO PRACTICE |
Download | | Author(s): Rozalia Kicsi, Denisa Chifan | | DOI: 10.4316/EJAFB.2023.1127 | | Abstract: Sustainability has emerged on the intellectual horizon first as a conception and then as a full concept in its own right, now challenged by the complexity and dynamism of a world shaped by transformations in technology, economic policies, industrial structures, economic theory, the knowledge needed to govern and lead, and economic issues. The concept and philosophy of sustainability has its origins in the environmental movement; long before the term was used in the context of human-nature interactions, environmentalists insisted on the imperative to understand more deeply the long-term consequences of intense human activity almost single-mindedly oriented towards the ideal of growth and development. The literature increasingly calls for a paradigm shift in terms of the multi-objective role that business organizations are embracing, with some of these objectives transcending the economic context. Over the last decades, various categories of organizations have become conscious and have increasingly accepted that they are also called upon to play a social role. In this context, sustainability is turning into one of the main business philosophies and practices in the 21st century. | | Keywords: Sustainability; Business Organization; Chaotics; Growth; Development. |
| 8. The influence of the digital revolution on sustainable competitiveness. Case study for Eastern European countries |
Download | | Author(s): Veronica Grosu, Ioana Andrioaia, Iulia - Maria Tiganas | | DOI: 10.4316/EJAFB.2023.1128 | | Abstract: The results of previous studies conducted at the European level highlight the low level of Eastern European countries, which are predominantly in the second half of the Digital Competitiveness (DC) ranking, and the situation is similar for Sustainable Competitiveness (SC). On these premises, the purpose of this research was set to analyze the influence of the four dimensions of the Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI) of Eastern European countries from 2014-2022 on the SC index selected on the basis of the same criteria. The achievement of this aim is supported by setting the following objectives: objective 1: identification of the interdependence relationship between the digital economy and the sustainable economy; objective 2: bibliometric analysis of the literature indexed on the Web of Science platform of the most relevant studies dealing with the four dimensions of the DESI: "connectivity", "human capital", "digital technology integration" and "digital public services"; objective 3: determination of the influence of the DESI dimensions on SC through econometric analysis. The results of the research are materialized in the confirmation of the link between digitization and sustainability based on bibliometric and econometric analysis. The usefulness of the results lies in the fact that this study represents a contribution to the literature in terms of investigating the relationship between DESI dimensions and SC index in Eastern European countries. | | Keywords: DESI Dimensions; Digital Competitiveness; Eastern; European Countries; Sustainable Competitiveness. |
| 9. ACCOUNTING, FINANCIAL AND TAX RISK MAPPING. A BIBLIOMETRIC APPROACH |
Download | | Author(s): Cristina Timofte (coca), Veronica Grosu, Dan - Andrei Coca, Nicoleta - Iulia Popescu (bodea), Simona - Maria Brinzaru | | DOI: 10.4316/EJAFB.2023.1129 | | Abstract: This research's main focus is to map the level of knowledge, the evolution of scientific production in relation with spatial and temporal criteria, and the thematic areas that need further research, in relation with accounting, financial and tax risk assessment. From a methodological point of view, an extensive bibliometric analysis was performed on a comprehensive scientific material accessed on the Web of Science platform. The results of the research showed that researchers' attention was mainly directed towards seven thematic clusters, regarding mainly the role of performance analysis in management decisions and the influence of tax rules and regulations on management decisions. Also topics such as financial risk analysis, using analytical accounting procedures, tax risk analysis and accounting and fraud risk mapping at sectoral and microeconomic level were identified. Moreover, there can be noticed an increased scientific production of researches conducted at microeconomic level, that use financial rates in the performance analysis of economic entities, due to the global economic and financial crisis. The conclusion of the research is that there is an amplified need for developing an instrument for maintaining a controlled level of risk exposure in terms of activity, insolvency, tax, accounting and financial risk in the business sector | | Keywords: Accounting Risk; Bibliometric Analysis; Financial Risk; Risk Mapping; Tax Risk. |
| 10. SOME CONSIDERATIONS ON MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING WITHIN COMMERCIAL ENTITIES |
Download | | Author(s): Andrei Jizdan, Anatol Graur | | DOI: 10.4316/EJAFB.2023.11210 | | Abstract: Traditionally, management has been primarily concerned with the selection among various alternatives and the subsequent decision-making process. Underlying this approach is the reliance on information furnished by management accounting. The current study delves into the distinct characteristics of business entities' operations and the informational needs of managers. Central to this discussion is the role of management accounting, which aims to steer managers in the formulation and execution of strategies, budgets, forecasts, and the like. The methodological framework of this research adopts a theoretical perspective, utilizing conventional research methods such as analytical, comparative, synthetic, inferential analysis, and bibliometric assessment to gauge the efficacy of research within the examined domain. | | Keywords: Accounting Data; Decisions; Entities; Management Accounting; Trade. |
| 11. FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERIZED BY MEANS OF APPLIED ACCOUNTING POLICIES |
Download | | Author(s): Vilena Tiscenco, Veronica Grosu, Galina Badicu | | DOI: 10.4316/EJAFB.2023.11211 | | Abstract: In the current context, marked by the phenomena of globalization, business globalization and the development of information systems, the elaboration and substantiation of accounting policies must comply with the principles and requirements of accounting regulations, in order to obtain credible accounting information and quality financial statements. The evolution of accounting standards conditioned the implementation of new perspectives aimed at presenting the financial result of the activity of economic entities, complementary to the classic model, respectively through the prism of the comprehensive income. This fact has generated a series of debates regarding the usefulness and appropriateness of increasing the complexity of the entity's performance reporting framework. Scientific research is motivated by the importance of the quality of the financial-accounting information generated for the interested users, in order to correctly evaluate the financial performance and, implicitly, to increase the competitiveness. | | Keywords: Accounting Options; Accounting Policies; Accounting Standards; Comprehensive Income; Financial Performance; Financial Result; Financial Statements. |
| 12. FEMALE ENTREPRENEURS IN MOROCCO: THE SELF STORY BEHIND THE RESILIENT ACTIONS |
Download | | Author(s): Zakaria Aittaleb, Mounia El Farouki, Hind Berrada, Sarah Najid | | DOI: 10.4316/EJAFB.2023.11212 | | Abstract: According to Boris Cyrulnik (2016) resilience is the process through which a human being resumes his neo-development after a traumatic event. In fact, his 2016 research suggests that the manner of speaking modifies the functioning of the brain. Also, he argues that a decisive factor in reinforcing resilience is the "self story". He considered that when an injured person is surrounded and tries to tell a story to a person who makes him feel secure, he develops the representation of his misfortune. This is why it is also important to act on cultural narratives, so as to reintegrate the traumatized into their cultural context. Paul Ricoeur (1996) had also affirmed that the identity is only a story. He can assert himself by learning to tell his story and by comparing to the others. The inequality between the percentage of men and women entrepreneurs in Morocco, a question about the nature of the obstacles encountered by the latter arises. A survey conducted by the association of women entrepreneurs in Morocco (AFEM) and the CGEM of a sample of 579 women entrepreneurs shows the type of Moroccan women entrepreneurs but also the difficulties encountered by this category, they face administrative problems, followed by financial difficulties, training problems particularly for technical concepts, not to mention problems related to social constraints and the status of Moroccan women in general. Therefore, this research aims to understand how the "self story" reinforces the resilience among the female entrepreneurs who overcome such difficulties. This article aims to study the individual's resilience behavior of women entrepreneurs of small and medium sized businesses in Morocco during crisis situation. We will explore this general question through the life stories of ten Moroccan female entrepreneurs. This study uses qualitative methods for gathering and analyzes the data and provides an insight about the challenges the female entrepreneurs face in Morocco and the support system that reinforces their resilience regarding that. | | Keywords: Psychological Resilience; Emotional Resilience; Entrepreneurship; Woman Entrepreneur; SMEs. |
| 13. ASSESSING THE FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY OF ENERGY SECTOR IN ROMANIA UNDER CRISIS CONDITIONS |
Download | | Author(s): Simona - Maria Brinzaru, Veronica Grosu, Sorinel - Toderas Siretean, Cipriana Mihai, Ioana Andrioaia | | DOI: 10.4316/EJAFB.2023.11213 | | Abstract: Improving the financial sustainability of Romanian electricity generating companies can be achieved by adopting a set of strategic measures. These measures may include: investments in more efficient and cleaner technologies, such as natural gas power plants or renewable energy sources. These technologies could reduce production costs and help reduce greenhouse gas emissions. In this context, the aim of this paper is to identify the determinants of increased financial sustainability of electricity generating companies in Romania. In order to achieve the proposed goal, the following objectives have been formulated: O1 - Analysis of efficiency indicators with influence on increasing or reducing financial sustainability; O2 - Identification and analysis of risk indicators influencing growth or reduction of financial sustainability and O3 - Analysis of performance indicators influencing growth or reduction of financial sustainability. The research methodology is based on the sample analysed consisting of 150 companies operating in the power generation sector. The results of the research consist in the development of a model for the assessment of financial sustainability of electricity generating companies in Romania under crisis conditions. The usefulness of these results is reflected in the outline of a reference framework for monitoring and quantifying the financial sustainability of electricity generating companies in relation to reported economic and financial indicators. | | Keywords: Financial Sustainability; Energy Sector; Economic And Financial Indicators, Energy Crisis. |
| 14. USE THE ENTITY'S REVENUE ANALYSIS IN THE DECISION-MAKING PROCESS AND DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY |
Download | | Author(s): Nicolai Jieri, Victor Cojocaru, Galina Badicu, Svetlana Mihaila | | DOI: 10.4316/EJAFB.2023.11214 | | Abstract: In view of the current economic environment, characterized by permanent changes, competition and exposure to various risks, we believe that revenue analysis serves as a starting point for entities to prepare various analytical reports for internal and external use, since the size, development, structure and stability of revenues depend on the entity's expenses and financial results. In this article, we intend to analyze the evolution of the income of the Cricova SA Wine Combine, reviewing the theoretical aspects and practical applications in terms of financial analysis, through which any shortcomings in the level or source of the entity's income can be determined, with a view to drawing up proposals for the liquidation of the negative moments detected. The research methodology consists of studying the income from a quantitative and dynamic point of view, using horizontal and vertical analysis methods. The investigation involves objective observation, descriptive method with the application of elements of comparison, analysis and deduction, and the Web of Science search engine was used to identify the performance of international scientific research in the researched field. | | Keywords: Income Analysis; Income; Sales Revenue; IFRS 15; SNC Revenue. |
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