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ISSN: 2344 - 102X
ISSN-L: 2344 - 102X
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Volume 7, Number 2, Year 2019
| 2. ECO-INNOVATION - A WAY FOR A SUSTAINABLE ECONOMY | 
Download | | Author(s): Dumitrita Nuca | | DOI: 10.4316/EJAFB.2019.721 | | Abstract: In a world of climate change, dwindling natural resources, hazardous waste, water pollution, carbon dioxide emissions, and many other types of environmental pollution, sustainable development is the key to restoring the balance between man and nature. In this context, a new type of economy is emerging for the protection of the environment and innovative processes, playing a key role in creating this process, known as eco-innovation. Eco-innovation, as a way to improve the protection of the environment and the efficiency of the economy in terms of resource use, contributes to increasing competitiveness. Although global and European organizations have taken a number of concrete steps to stimulate eco-innovation, it still does not enjoy widespread application, with companies continuing to avoid this model, either because of costs or other reasons. Therefore, it is necessary to extend the scope from environmental technologies to innovation policies, which target processes, products and services for the environment. | | Keywords: Eco-innovation; Sustainability; Organic Products; Diminishing Resources |
| 3. CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT - COMPLEX PHENOMENA OF THE MODERN CORPORATE ENVIRONMENT |
Download | | Author(s): Camelia Catalina Mihalciuc | | DOI: 10.4316/EJAFB.2019.722 | | Abstract: The most important areas of social responsibility are: sustainability, sustainable development, environmental management, business ethics, philanthropy and community development support, workers' rights and welfare, human rights, corruption reduction, corporate governance, law enforcement and animal protection. The influence of corporations is ubiquitous, if we take into account the extensive resources over which they control. The concept approach, nowadays, is complex as a result of technological development, globalization, destruction of the environment and, last but not least, the insufficient contributions from the public sector. For this reason, companies are some what forced to act within the perimeter of the social environment in order to bring about improvements that benefit both their own company (being an effective marketing method) and other social environment actors in which they operate. | | Keywords: Sustainability Development; Corporate Social Responsibility; Financial Performance; 2030 Agenda |
| 4. ASSERMENTS ON PERFORMANCE OF ECONOMIC ENTITIES |
Download | | Author(s): Cristina Gabriela Cosmulese, Elena Hlaciuc | | DOI: 10.4316/EJAFB.2019.723 | | Abstract: Currently, the direction of most entities is aligned not only with the development of new services or new principles, but also with the highlighting of a new way of approaching the problems as an equivalent of the innovation term that helps to obtain a value contribution, more precisely, of performance. The present paper focuses on deepening the notion of performance, analyzed first and foremost at a general level, and then to include and delimit the concept of financial performance in particular. In this regard, I will consider the details of the essential components of the performance of the company, since the management system of a company cannot use a decision-making tool if it does not have the possibility to measure concrete and relevant the obtained results. At the same time, the paper discusses a classification of the performance as found in the specialized literature, as well as the implications of the accounting policies on it. | | Keywords: Global Performance, Social Performance, Organizational Performance, Financial Performance Indicators, Evaluation |
| 5. IMPLEMENTATION OF INTERNAL CONTROL SYSTEMS AT THE LEVEL OF ECONOMIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS - WAY OF ELIMINATING RISKS |
Download | | Author(s): Elena Hlaciuc | | DOI: 10.4316/EJAFB.2019.724 | | Abstract: The objective of this paper is oriented on the analysis of the evolution of the internal control system in public institutions, especially in public schools, because the implementation of the internal/ managerial control system in the pre-university education institutions has become an objective necessity in order to ensure the coherence with the education of the developed countries, and thus cooperation relations with them in the field of education can be created. | | Keywords: Internal Control System, Component Of Control; Financial Performance |
| 6. POSITING VERSUS INDIVIDUAL EMPLOYMENT IN TRANSNATIONAL SYSTEM |
Download | | Author(s): Daniel Rata, Elena Hlaciuc | | DOI: 10.4316/EJAFB.2019.725 | | Abstract: Labor mobility is a social phenomenon characteristic of the world economic area, so also, in the European Union (E.U.). As part of the transnational labor force system, mobility can be manifested, inter alia, in the form of posting or in the form of individual employment. At the same time, labor mobility is a fundamental and important characteristic for the economic activity on a European scale, in the tendency to equalize and balance the demand/supply ratio of labor force. The economic motivation of mobility is the main cause of posting, but also for the individual engagement of citizens in countries with advanced economies. Considering the large scale of the phenomenon at the level of the E.U. and the need to limit labor mobility from developing countries to the developed ones in such way as to ensure the provision of services in a fair competitiveness, this research seeks to highlight the differences between the posting and individual engagement, know the national and European legislation governing this phenomenon as well as the economic and fiscal effects of labor mobility. | | Keywords: Labor; Detachment; Individual Employee; Salary; Mobility |
| 7. EVOLUTION OF TAX EVASION AND THE UNDERGROUND ECONOMY AT INTERNATIONAL AND NATIONAL PLAN |
Download | | Author(s): Marian Socoliuc, Domnica Popovici, Mihaela - Ionela Socoliuc | | DOI: 10.4316/EJAFB.2019.726 | | Abstract: One of the main causes of the production of economic problems is the vastness of these phenomena, being encountered in most countries regardless of their level of development. Because they are not characteristic phenomena only to the contemporary world, they exist for all time, the limitation of the adverse consequences induced by them is sought, the elimination being practically impossible. The paper aims to show the characteristics of these phenomena that have a negative impact, both for Romania and for the other states. The data needed for the analysis are up-to-date and capture the characteristics of our country in relation to the other EU Member States. The research is quantitative, its purpose and role being to identify the level of tax evasion and the underground economy on the two plans (international and national). The main objective of the paper is to reflect the level, dynamics and evolution of tax evasion, as well as to determine the size of the unofficial economy, both in Romania and internationally. The research methodology involves conducting a study that involves identifying the level and evolution of tax evasion and the underground economy. The main result of the analysis is represented by the fact that the evolution of the two phenomena is alarming and that all the Member States are trying to diminish them and the effects they have on the whole economy. | | Keywords: Fraud; International Level; National Level; Tax Evasion; Underground Economy |
| 8. A LITERATURE REVIEW OF ARTICLES ASSESSING THE EXTENT OF COMPLIANCE WITH IAS 41 |
Download | | Author(s): Cristina Gabriela Cosmulese | | DOI: 10.4316/EJAFB.2019.727 | | Abstract: The adaptation to new accounting standards has affected many companies. The greatest challenge by the agricultural companies is that International Accounting Standard (IAS) 41 regulates the valuation methods of their biological assets. The paper develops a literature review of the articles assessing the extent to which various agricultural entities are complying with recognition and measurement requirements of IAS 41-Agriculture, for their agricultural produce and biological. Therefore, our analysis imposes the use of literature review methodology. After briefly introducing the concept of financial accounting for agriculture and problems of IAS 41, the first part of the paper follows the areas of accounting estimates related to valuation of long-term biological assets according to International Accounting Standards, as well as the challenges that arise when implementing the provisions of the relevant standards. The main part of the paper discusses empirical studies which assesses the extend the degree of compliance with IAS 41, by closely analyzing their research design, the employed research methodology and the obtained results. The originality of the paper as well as its contribution consist in offering a comprehensive overview on studies in accounting research literature that analyze the practical challenges of applying IAS 41 before and after the revision of this standard through an empirical approach. | | Keywords: Agricultural Firms, IAS 41, Disclosure, Compliance, Fair Value |
| 9. COST CALCULATION AND CONTROL - AN ESSENTIAL TOOL FOR DETERMING PERFORMANCE AND GUIDING THE DECISION-MAKING PROCESS |
Download | | Author(s): Camelia Catalina Mihalciuc, Mihaela Pintescu ( Bujdei) | | DOI: 10.4316/EJAFB.2019.728 | | Abstract: The information proposed and managed by the cost calculation is intended for the entrepreneur, the manager as the internal beneficiary who must solve problems of allocation and use of the resources entrusted from the outside, by the investor to build the performance, also allowing the managers to evaluate the results of the activity segments. Cost calculation becomes an important factor in substantiating managerial decisions regarding the strategy of the economic entity, the management structure, the performances achieved or what they want to be achieved, as well as those aspects regarding the creation of long-term value. The information provided by the cost calculation allows managers to evaluate the viability of alternative business strategies, to choose between alternative decisions and to evaluate the results of the activity segments. Based on these considerations, the main objective of the present paper concerns the necessity of applying a performance control system by calculating the costs of the products / services of the company under analysis, which will guarantee to the managers that the resources are removed and used effectively and efficiently in the execution of the objectives. organization, to allow them to understand the reality, as well as the possibilities of identifying and preventing deficiencies and anomalies, but at the same time the possibility of advancing managerial decisions. Thus, the purpose of the paper is to control the performance of the economic entity and to make economic-financial decisions using the calculation of the costs related to the products or services provided within the entity. | | Keywords: Performance; Profitability; Cost; Result On Product; Variable Cost; Fixe Cost; Cost Calculation. |
| 10. STUDY ON THE IMPORTANCE OF NATURAL RESOURCES AT INTERNATIONAL AND NATIONAL LEVEL |
Download | | Author(s): Marian Socoliuc, Gabriela - Paraschiva Savu | | DOI: 10.4316/EJAFB.2019.729 | | Abstract: This paper studies the importance of natural resources in economic survival and development. The global population is always growing, which shows that society becomes even more dependent on natural resources. The purpose of this article is to analyze the situation of oil and gas producing countries as well as their reserves at international and national level. Another purpose of the article is to explore the key fields of exploration by choosing an appropriate resource assessment. The abundance of natural resources promotes economic growth, but dependence on them impedes economic activity. The daily fame of black gold leaves its mark on our lives, due to its use in every aspect of life. | | Keywords: Black Gold; Development; Fossil Energy; Fuels; Natural Resources |
| 11. ANALYSIS OF PERFORMANCE INDICATORS USED IN INVESTMENT PROFITABILITY ASSESSMENT. CASE STUDY - COMPANIES IN THE FIELD OF BUILDINGS |
Download | | Author(s): Veronica Grosu, Sinziana Ioana Prindii | | DOI: 10.4316/EJAFB.2019.7210 | | Abstract: The main objective of this paper is to identify the main indicators for measuring the return on investments, as well as how they put their mark on a company. Thus, we want to highlight what are the indicators of return on investments and how they are determined, as well as factors that can influence their positive side. The term profitability is that form of expressing economic efficiency, characterized by the ability of an entity to obtain results, profit. We must take into account the fact that the main objective of any entity is the profit obtained. If we consider this increase of the indicator, as well as the profitability, this becomes essential for the company, which thus assures its existence on the market. Profitability thus represents that indicator of income, as a result of the sale and collection according to the manufactured production, but which must be greater than the expenditure incurred. | | Keywords: Performance Indicators, Return On Investments, Evaluation |
| 12. ACCOUNTING TREATMENT OF FIXED ASSETS ACCORDING TO IAS 16 AND NAS. PRACTICAL AND COMPARATIVE ASPECTS |
Download | | Author(s): Svetlana Mihaila, Maria Busuioc | | DOI: 10.4316/EJAFB.2019.7211 | | Abstract: The purpose of this research is to describe the accounting treatment of fixed assets from the national perspective, the convergences as well as the divergences encountered in their accounting under IFRS. The importance of this paper is given by the fact that fixed assets / tangible assets are active, which are more or less present at each entity and the harmonization of national accounting with IFRS provisions is constantly increasing, therefore this research is accompanied by practical aspects of the stipulations of both standards, notably IAS 16, proposing solutions for different situations. Thus, through this research, the authors set out to illustrate some key moments that are treated differently, such as determining the cost of entry of the fixed asset, such as the evaluation of property, plant and equipment at the time of preparing the financial statements, from the perspective of NAS and IAS 16 and their reassessment. Each aspect described is accompanied by examples. | | Keywords: Evaluation At Cost, Revaluation Of Fixed Assets, Provision, Surplus From Revaluation, Harmonization, Financial Situations, Accounting Adjustments. |
| 13. ANALYSIS AND EVOLUTION OF THE ADVERTISING MARKET IN THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA |
Download | | Author(s): Rodica Burbulea, Veronica Movileanu, Viorel Melnic | | DOI: 10.4316/EJAFB.2019.7212 | | Abstract: The trends of the advertising market in the world are characterized by a concentration of capital, by increasing the specialization processes of the advertising agencies, and at the same time, by diversifying their range of the provided services. The high level of professionalism, the strengthening of the research base, the optimization of the management structure and style of the respective agencies has become today's important feature. In this respect, the implementation and improvement of the management of the advertising services market in the Republic of Moldova, in the conditions of accession to the European Union, is an extremely necessary and important subject.
The domestic advertising market is quite fragmented, but with a rich potential for rapid growth. Therefore, it attracted the attention of the operators from this branch. However, there are some legislative impediments, which delay the elaboration of long-term strategies in this field.
The carrying out of this study involved the use of qualitative methods, the secondary analysis of the relevant official documents. The desk-research analysis (non-exhaustive analysis) included: the legislation in the field of media, official statistics related to the media, the grid of television programs, and the structure of the sites / portals. | | Keywords: No Keywords |
| 14. OBSERVATIONS ON TRANSLATING SOME TERMS FROM BUSINESS ENGLISH LANGUAGE INTO ROMANIAN LANGUAGE |
Download | | Author(s): Oana Nesteriuc | | DOI: 10.4316/EJAFB.2019.7213 | | Abstract: It is a well-known fact that globalization has had a significant impact on the communication process internationally. Every single day globalization brings together thousands of individuals of diverse cultural and linguistic backgrounds. The English language has been accepted as the language of globalization. It has been the result of the economic, social, technical and scientific development as well as of the evolving banking system especially in the United States of America - a country where mainly the English language is spoken on a daily basis. Consequently, all those who desired to access the latest information in the majority of fields show a vivid interest for learning this language. Moreover, nowadays the worldwide economic trading still takes place mainly in the English language. As far as Romania is concerned, especially right after 1989, one could perceive a total openness towards the Western world. The Romanian economy has focussed towards adopting the latest technologies, many foreign companies and corporations have been established which, in their turn, have generated numerous business language training services for companies. Basically, the core of this phenomenon relies on the fact that all the big corporations or their subsidiaries which are functioning in Romania nowadays are in high need of a homogenous means of communication. Thus, in the majority of instances, the international communication is carried out in the English language. On the other hand, the large Romanian companies that are present internationally are interested in training their employees in order to be proficient in any type of domains of activity. That is why their focus is geared mainly towards developing the communication competences of their employees in the English business language. | | Keywords: Translation; Translator; Business English Language; Meaning; Machine Translation Systems; Translation Memoiry; Source Language; Target Language |
| 15. METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO THE MANAGEMENT OF CLIENT ORIENTATION IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF SERVICES |
Download | | Author(s): Julia Valeeva, Lilia Sargu | | DOI: 10.4316/EJAFB.2019.7214 | | Abstract: This article outlines the main aspects of client orientation of personnel management in the development of retail network services. It is proposed to clarify the concepts of customer orientation based on the aggregation of existing approaches to personnel management. The necessity of a systematic approach to human resources management. Marked three vector system development as progress, ingress regress. It proposed to use project-based approach to identify the respective quantity and quality of staff for the project. The motivational component is an essential element to ensure client-staff. An assessment of the level of customer fighters. | | Keywords: Customer Orientation, Service Development, Retail Chains, Personnel Management |
| 16. RISK TYPE AND CONTROL METHODS |
Download | | Author(s): Veronica Grosu, Sinziana Ioana Prindii | | DOI: 10.4316/EJAFB.2019.7215 | | Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to highlight which are the main types of risk that may arise when making an investment, and not only, as well as their detailed area. We must also identify the risk, so that we can choose the best methods to combat or mitigate them. From this point of view, once the risks have been identified, it is necessary to use methods to mitigate them, to combat them, in order to finally eliminate them. | | Keywords: Risk, Methods Of Control, Mitigation, Types Of Risk |
| 17. AN ASSESSMENT OF TREASURY SINGLE ACCOUNT AS A GOOD CASH MANAGEMENT TOOL FOR THE GOVERNMENT REVENUE |
Download | | Author(s): Khadijah Adeola Idowu, Ogundeko Sodiq Temitayo | | DOI: 10.4316/EJAFB.2019.7216 | | Abstract: The Management of government cash resources has been a major concern to the government considering the dwindling revenue of the government considering the significant fall in the international crude oil price. Treasury Single Account as a unification of government bank account structure which fosters the consolidation and the optimal use of the government scared cash resources. This study assesses the introduction of the TSA as a tool for good cash management of government fund. Using the purposive sampling technique, the study did a Pre-& Post Analysis of the Revenue Generated between 2011 and 2018 as well as the predictability of the Government Cash resources. Two research hypotheses were formulated and tested with the aid of T-Test statistics using the SPSS statistical package version 21. The result showed that TSA adoption has not significantly increased the revenue generating capacity of the government. Its adoption has improved the forecasting of the government revenue. It was recommended that the government should look inward for other sources of revenue. Also, tougher Internal Control measures should be put in place through the office of the Accountant General of the Federation. | | Keywords: Treasury Single Account, Cash Management, Government Revenue |
| 18. VALUATION OF INFORMATION CONCERNING EXCHANGE RATE AND AMOUNT DIFFERENCES IN THE CONTEXT OF NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL PROVISIONS |
Download | | Author(s): Badicu Galina, Maria Busuioc | | DOI: 10.4316/EJAFB.2019.7217 | | Abstract: The instability of the national currency in relation to the foreign currency entails some repercussions on the accounting, as a result of concluding contracts and performing foreign currency settlements. Therefore, in this article, we proposed to identify the regulations related to settlements in foreign currency under normative aspect, the additional provisions included in the NAS "exchange rate differences and amount" in relation to IFRS, the problematic issues that arise when accounting for differences in amount and formulating final conclusions, regarding the delimitation of exchange differences from those of amount, at national level. By the method of induction, deduction, compassion, analysis and synthesis, I have found that at the national level, is applicable a different treatment of the differences resulting from the change in the exchange rate, depending on status-resident or non-resident but also the existence of loopholes on the tax regulations relating to the differences of amount. | | Keywords: Exchange Rate Differences, Differences In Amount, Foreign Currency, Income And Financial Expenses, Adjustment VAT, Receivables And Debts In Foreign Currency |
| 19. THE UTILITY OF SALES FORECASTING MODELS IN THE MANAGERIAL PRACTICE OF COMPANIES |
Download | | Author(s): Camelia Catalina Mihalciuc, Daniela Buliga | | DOI: 10.4316/EJAFB.2019.7218 | | Abstract: In the current economic context, companies are concerned about the most efficient management of resources, using for this purpose appropriate models of cost calculation and budgeting, as financial management tools, both at the level of the activities carried out and at the level of the whole company. The economic activities carried out by the companies are permanently included in a balance between expenses and revenues, which require a complex analysis, because through their interaction a company becomes performance. Thus, the objective of the present paper is to highlight the forecasting models of sales with impact on the company's performance, resorting to the detailed presentation of the process of elaborating the sales budget of a company with a production activity, the aspects analyzed in the content of the paper being realized in order to optimize the profit. and the foundation of optimal decisions at the analyzed company level, in order to finally show the relationship that may exist between costs, sales budget and decision making process. | | Keywords: Profitability; Performance; Decision-making Technique; Sales Budget; Forecasting; Turnover |
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